Adapa
Son of Enki
Guardian Angel
The First Apkallu
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Adapa and Enmeduranki
Source: http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001188.html?fbclid=IwAR0MCbhSsZLkKZxG29bGVOJxJG1bKjZVE3xYktHerhS94Pkcy0tzJ1rs3MY
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The cuneiform lists of seven sages (apkallu) present different names in different order. Adapa is a short form of the name of the first primary sage, whose full name was Uanadapa. U-An is another short form of the name. His figure equals Oannes as the first sage in Berossus’ account. But in the Apkallu list of Bit Meseri and elsewhere, Utuabzu/ Utuabba/ Adapa also takes the seventh position.
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There was a broad tradition in Babylonian scribal milieu that the figure associated with the number seven went to heaven and received insights into divine wisdom. The seventh antediluvian king was according to these lists was Enmeduranki, the king of Sippar, who went to heaven and distinguished himself with divine wisdom.
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The biblical patriarchs correspond to Mesopotamian (antediluvian) kings in regard to their position in corresponding historiographies. The Enoch figure in the Hebrew Bible and in the Books of Enoch is modelled on the Mesopotamian mythical king Enmeduranki - they both are listed in the seventh position in the list of antediluvian kings and patriarchs correspondingly.
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The Hebrew patriarch Enoch is sometimes also presented as the flood survivor because he was removed from the earth and was not found there when the flood swept over. In the Book of Jubilees (4.17-26) the sage Enoch is removed and conducted into the garden of Eden where he wrote down the condemnation and judgement of the world, and all the wickedness of men. Enoch is said to have lived 365 years which is related to the number of days in the solar year.
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Sippar, correspondingly, was the site of the most important temple of the sun god. Enmeduranki’s counterpart in the seventh position in the apkallu lists is Utuabzu/Adapa, who was also in heaven according to Bit Meseri and the Adapa Myth. The appearance of Adapa at the seventh place in the list of Bit Meseri is probably caused by the similarities between Enmeduranki and Adapa.
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Semantically there is also a correspondence between Genesis’ interpretation of Enoch’s name as ‘dedicated, trained’ and the Akkadian designation apkallu, which means ‘sage, expert’. The biblical Noah as the hero of the flood story corresponds to Ziusudra, because the both have the tenth position in the list of patriarchs and kings correspondingly.
Read More Apkallu The Seven Sages Saptarshi Angels click
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Adapa of the Southwind Myth as a Fish-man, Healer of Wind-borne Disease, and a Prototype of Genesis' Adam and Jesus ('the second Adam')
Source: http://www.bibleorigins.net/AdapaAdamPicturesFishmen.html
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I understand that Adapa is one of several mythic prototypes of Genesis' Adam. My research suggests that Adapa appears in Mesopotamian artforms as a fish-man (mer-man). The men (below) appearing dressed in fish-robes or garments I suspect are probably intended to represent Adapa in his role of apkallu or "Sage" who knows powerful spells, curses, incantations that can overpower wind-demons who spread disease. Thus the scenes of bed-ridden individuals attended by men in fish-garments are of priests emulating Adapa who was an Apkallu (The 'seven Apkallu' are also called paradu fish and are associated with Eridu).
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Leick understands that Berossus' fish-man, Oannes, who imparted "wisdom and knowledge" to mankind (rather like Adam imparts knowledge of good and evil to mankind), is Sumerian U-an, Adapa's Sumerian name:
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"...Adapa, one of the Seven Sages...They often appear in magic texts and incantations as the abgal (Akkadian apkallu), fish-like creatures under the command of Enki/Ea. The masks worn by some priests represented on seals and a number of Assyrian reliefs are connected with the power of the Apkallu to ward off evil. They were personified as traditionally seven 'culture heroes', sent by Ea to teach mankind the arts of civilization.”
“In the late Babylonian compositon known as the Erra epic. they are called 'the seven sages' of the Apsu, the pure paradu fish, who, just as their lord Ea, have been endowed with sublime wisdom. They were the councilors of the antediluvian kings, also seven in number, and responsible for the invention and the building of cities. The city is therefore the product of divine intelligence. For some reason the Apkallu also stand for hubris.”
(Read More Abzu Apsu The Primordial Water click)
(Read More Enki God of Water Lord of The Earth click)
“A bilingual text from Nineveh records how each one managed to annoy an important god so that they were banished to the Apsu for ever. Just as in the other Eridu cosmologies referred to earlier, the creative potential and the wisdom of the Apsu and its creatures are seen as dangerous and subversive...A Babylonian priest of Marduk, who lived during the reign of the Seleucid king Antiochus I (third century B.C.E.), was the author of a volume called Babyloniaca. He wrote it in Greek, under the name Berossus...One of the fragments concerns the fish-like monsters that Ea sent after the flood to teach mankind. One of them is called Oannes, the Greek form of Adapa's Sumerian name U-an."
(pp. 25-26. "Eridu Stories." Gwendolyn Leick. Mesopotamia, The Invention of the City. London. Penguin Books. 2001. paperback)
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Professor George on Adapa being a fish-man (sent by Ea, Sumerian: Enki) of Eridu who rose from the sea to introduce civilization to mankind:
"The civilization of mankind, according to Babylonian mythology, was the work of the gods...especially of the god Ea, who dispatched the Seven Sages to Eridu, and other early cities, and with them all the arts and crafts of city life. These were the beings who, according to the epic's prologue, founded Uruk with its wall: 'Did the Seven Sages not lay its foundations?' Foremost among these Sages was the fish-man Oannes-Adapa, who rose from the sea."
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Langdon (1931) noted that Adapa's failure to consume the bread and water of life offered him in Anu's heavenly abode in the Adapa and the Southwind myth resulted in makind being cursed with diseases and eventual death. The myths ends with a priest making an incantation over a sick person, invoking Adapa as responsible for the afflicted's disease.
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Adapa's ability to curse the South wind demon who overturned his fishing boat may (?) have made him a "healer" or physician of sorts because the South wind demon in _other myths_ had the power to bring disease and death to man. In seeking out Adapa's practioners dressed in fish garments, the Mesopotamians may have (?) seen Adapa "the fisherman/fishman" as not only responsible for man's disease and affliction (because he failed to eat the bread and water of life), but he also having the ability to overpower with curses wind-demons (like the South wind) who brought disease.
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Thompson (1903) on the South Wind being an evil demonic wind:
"Raging storms, evil gods are they
RUTHLESS DEMONS, who in heaven's vault were created, are they,
WORKERS OF EVIL are they,
They lift up the head to evil, every day to evil
Destruction to work.
Of these seven the first is the SOUTH WIND...
The second is a dragon, whose mouth is opened...
That none can measure.
The third is a grim leopard, which carries off the young ...
The fourth is a terrible Shibbu ...
The fifth is a furious Wolf, who knoweth not to flee,
The sixth is a rampant ... which marches against god and king.
The seventh is a storm, an evil wind, which takes vengeance,
Seven are they, messengers to King Anu are they,
From city to city darkness work they,
A hurricane, which mightily hunts in the heavens, are they
Thick clouds, that bring darkness in heaven, are they,
GUSTS OF WIND rising, which cast gloom over the bright day, ARE THEY,
With the Imkhullu [2] the evil wind, forcing their way, are they,
The overflowing of Adad [3] mighty destroyers, are they,
At the right of Adad stalking, are they,
In the height of heaven, like lightning flashing, are they,
To wreak destruction forward go they ,
In the broad heaven, the home of Anu, the King, evilly do they arise, and none to oppose..."
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Read More Apkallu The Seven Sages Saptarshi Angels click
Read More Sebitti The Seven Gods Children of The Anunnaki The Seven Evil Spirits click
Pictures Videos Music and Additional Reading
Adapa
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapa
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Adapa was a Mesopotamian mythical figure who unknowingly refused the gift of immortality. The story, commonly known as "Adapa and the South Wind", is known from fragmentary tablets from Tell el-Amarna in Egypt (around 14th century BC) and from finds from the Library of Ashurbanipal, Assyria (around 7th century BC). The oldest tradition about him is from Me-Turan/Tell Haddad tablets (around 19-16th century BC), which is written in Sumerian.
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Adapa was an important figure in Mesopotamian religion. His name would be used to invoke power in exorcism rituals. He also became an archetype for a wise ruler. In that context, his name would be invoked to evoke favorable comparisons. Some scholars conflate Adapa and the Apkallu known as Uanna.
Read More Apkallu The Seven Sages Saptarshi Angels click
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Adapa is also associated with the king Enmerkar (Enmeduranki), the known text is very fragmentary). In the portions that are known, Adapa and Enmerkar descend into the earth (nine cubits down), and are involved in breaking into an ancient tomb. What happens in there is not clear, but the outcome is that they leave and reseal the tomb.
Oannès – Adapa from Odilon Redon in the Kröller-Müller Museum.
Interpretation
Uanna/Oannes
The name Adapa has also been used for the first Apkallu, sometimes known as Uanna (in the Greek work by Berossus called Oannes). The accounts of the two are different, and (Uanna) the Apkallu is half-fish, while Adapa is a fisherman. However, there may be a connection. One potential explanation for the occurrence of the two names together is that the cuneiform for 'adapa' was also used as an appellative for "wise" (the Apkallu being wisdom giving beings).
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Alternative viewpoints exist as to whether 'adapa' should be considered an epithet for 'uanna' or the other way around. Both occur together in compound as the name of the first Apkallu.
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If identified as the first Apkallu, Adapa would have been the adviser of the mythical first (antediluvian) king of Eridu, Alulim. That connection is found in some texts, with King Alulu (Ref STT 176+185, lines 14–15). Elsewhere, he is associated with the much-later King Enmerkar. Indeed, earlier Sumerian record, Me-Turan/Tell Haddad tablet, describes Adapa as postdiluvian ruler of Eridu.
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Adam
When the story of Adapa was first rediscovered, some scholars saw a resemblance with the story of the biblical Adam, such as Albert Tobias Clay. Later scholars such as Alexander Heidel ("The Adapa legend and the Biblical story (of Adam) are fundamentally as far apart as antipodes") rejected this connection; however, potential connections are still (1981) considered worthy of analysis. Possible parallels and connections include similarity in names, including the possible connection of both to the same word root; both accounts include a test involving the eating of purportedly deadly food; and both are summoned before god to answer for their transgressions.
Eden's Serpent and its Pre-biblical Mesopotamian Prototypes
Source: http://www.bibleorigins.net/ningishzida.html
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Many scholars have suggested that the Mesopotamian myth titled Adapa and the South Wind might be a prototype of Adam's lost chance at immortality, however, no serpent appears in this myth. I thereupon decided to investigate _all_ the characters in this myth to see if any "serpent associations" existed with them in "other" compositions. I discovered that Ea (Enki), Dumuzi (Tammuz) and Gizzida (Ningishzida) had "serpent associations" in various hymns, myths and literary works.
Read More Enki God of Water Lord of The Earth click
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Earlier scholarship, at least as late as 1923, rendered ushumgal as meaning "serpent" (ushum) "great" (gal) but the present (1970-2009) scholarly preference is to render ushumgal as meaning "dragon" or "great dragon" rather than "great serpent."
(1) Adam's lost chance at immortality is a later Hebrew reworking of motifs, concepts and events appearing in the Mesopotamian Adapa and the South Wind myth, which sought to explain how man came to lose a chance to acquire immortality (as has been noted by numerous scholars over the past 100 years).
(2) Adam is a recast of Adapa (as noted by numerous scholars).
(3) God or Yahweh is a recast of Ea (Enki) _and_ Anu (An) in the Adapa and the South Wind myth. Anu gave Adapa a change of clothes before he left his abode, Yahweh clothes Adam before expelling him. Yahweh has Adam removed from the garden in Eden, Anu has Adapa removed by his gate guards.
(4) The serpent is a recast of Ea (Enki), Anu, Ningishzida and Dumuzi in the Adapa and the South Wind myth who have been fused together. Note, in 1910 Skinner had proposed that because Ea (Enki) had given "knowledge" to Adapa that he was a prototype of Eden's serpent:
"...Yahwe forbids both wisdom and immortality to man, Ea confers the first (and thus far plays the part of the biblical serpent)..." (p. 92. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Genesis. Edinburgh, Scotland. T &T Clark. 1910. Revised edition 1930. Reprint 1994)
(5) Eve is a recast of Shamhat the Harlot who seduced Enkidu (an Adamic prototype) in The Epic of Gilgamesh _fused_ with Sumerian (2) Inanna (Akkadian Ishtar), the wife of Dumuzi, a shepherd who cares for his flock of sheep in the steppe or plain called in Sumerian the edin. Inanna bears the epithet or title Inanna-edin, "Inanna of edin" and another epithet Sumerian Nin-edin, "[the] Lady of edin." (cf. "below"
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Eve is a fusion of several characters in different myths. Other protagonists? (3) Adapa, a male servant of Ea in the Adapa and Southwind myth. Why? Eden's serpent asks Eve about Eden's trees, she recites to the serpent Yahweh's warning "do not eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil or you will die."
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This recalls Adapa's reciting Ea's similar warning to Anu when Anu asks "Why didn't you eat the bread of life?" That is to say the Hebrews have taken the motif of a recitation of a warning about eating and dying associated with a male (Adapa) and ascribed the recitation to a female, Eve! Other Eve prototypes? (4) Gishzida and (5) Dumuzi of the Adapa and Southwind Myth. How so? Eve is portrayed offering Adam forbidden food that will take his life, it is Gishzida and Dumuzi who on Anu's behalf offer Adapa the forbidden food.
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Other myths reveal that these two male gods bore female epithets. Gishzida was also called Nin-gish-zida, nin means "lady" (en means "lord" in Sumerian) Dumuzi bore the epithet ama-ushum-gal-anna "the mother is a great serpent dragon of heaven," ama means "mother." So the Hebrews have taken two male deities who confusingly bore female epithets nin and ama and fused them into Eve's persona, having her offer a man (Adam) the food of death instead of two male deities.
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(6) The Cherubim (a plural form of the Hebrew word Cherub) who in Christian tradition are portrayed removing Adam and Eve from Paradise are recasts of Anu's two heavenly gate-guards Ningishzida and Dumuzi who "take" Adapa back to his earth when he fails to partake of the "bread and water of life" conferring immortality.
Read More Cherub Cherubim One Who Blesses Guardians of The Covenant click
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(7) The warning not to eat given by God (Yahweh) in an earthly garden to Adam and Eve, is a recast of Ea's warning to Adapa on the earth in Eridu, where Ea (Enki) has created an earthly garden near his temple or shrine that Adapa serves him at. Enki made man to replace the Igigi or junior gods who objected to the working conditions in Enki's earthly city-garden.
Read More Enki God of Water Lord of The Earth click
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That is to say the warning was given Adapa on the earth in Eridu, the preferring of the forbidden food, however, was in heaven by Anu. Of interest is that some Christians understand Paradise is in heaven and Islam teaches the Garden of Eden is in heaven and it was from this heavenly Paradise Adam and Eve were expelled to live on the earth.
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(8) To the degree that God does not "initially" deny the Tree of Life to Adam, suggesting God was, at first, willing to "let" man obtain immortality, this may be a recast of Anu who was willing to grant immortality to Adapa (said "bread and water of life" being proffered on his behalf by his servants Gishzida/Ningishzida and Tammuz/Dumuzid.
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I do _not_ understand that the Hebrews are "copying" the Mesopotamian myths. I understand that Genesis is _denying or refuting_ the Mesopotamian myths' explanation of how and why man came to made, what his purpose on earth is, and why his demise was sought in a flood. This "_denial_" is for me accomplished by the Hebrews having taken motifs and concepts from a variety of contradicting myths and giving them "new twists" by changing the names of the characters, the locations, and sequences of events. It is my perception that the Hebrews are deliberately CHANGING _or_ RECASTING the earlier myths and their motifs inorder to REFUTE and DENY THEM, hence the "reason why" there are _no_ individuals called Adam, Eve, the Serpent, Yahweh, Noah, Shem, Japheth and Ham appearing in _any_ of the Mesopotamian pre-biblical myths.
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Why are the Hebrews doing this? Apparently they objected to the Mesopotamian portrayal of the exploitive relationship between man and his creators. The Mesopotamians portrayed man as the "victim" of callous, ruthless, exploitive gods. Employing an inversion the Hebrews portray a loving, caring, merciful God as the "victim" of a callous, rebellious, and undeserving mankind. Man is to blame for his problems not his creator.
Sentient life-forms and higher dimensional beings colonized our galaxy, solar system, and the Earth. Earth has been home to space and interdimensional visitors since its creation. Terraformers visit, introduce species, take what they want. Life’s always getting seeded and destroyed over and over throughout the cosmos.
Life is fragile with incessant dramatic events in space–comets, asteroids, Nibiru, Planet X, Earth changes, cosmic collisions, wars, colonization, and other events that move life from one place to the next.
500,000 years ago, the giant people on the planet Nibiru, who later came to Earth as the Anunnaki, faced self-generated extinction. They damaged Nibiru’s atmosphere and created infertility in themselves in a thermonuclear war just as we Earthlings might soon duplicate here.
Source: http://enkispeaks.com/alien-intervention-higher-realm-fractals-incarnate-in-human-avatars-by-janet-kira-lessin/